| | Christian worldview refers to a collection of distinctively Christian philosophical and religious beliefs. The term is typically used in one of three ways: - A set of worldviews voiced by those identifying themselves as Christian;
- Common elements of worldviews predominant among those identifying themselves as Christian;
- The concept of a single "Christian worldview" on a range of issues.
There are some rather startling statistics, based upon the following definition of "worldview," including a firm belief in six specific religious views. Based upon the above definition, Barna and other polling organizations have observered a decline in Christian beliefs. A recent study indicates that only 4% of American adults have a biblical worldview as the basis of their decision-making -- while at the same time "spirituality" has been on the rise. This most recent study revealed the following percentages of church goers who adhere to a biblical worldview[2]: - Protestants -- 7%
- Those in mainline denominations -- 2%
- Catholics -- less than 1/2 of 1%
- Baptists - 8%
- Pentecostals -- 10%
- Non-denominational - 13%
Also, according to the Barna Group, "Americans are looking for the law to reflect their personal preferences and desires rather than a universal set of absolutes based on God's dictates." Barna stated that religious institutions have failed to present a compelling case for a biblical basis for moral truth. "Most people do not believe that there is any source of absolute moral truth. Even born again individuals are abandoning the notion of law based on scriptural principles. Families, who hold a major responsibility for shaping the moral values and attitudes of children, are ill-equipped to do that job in relation to a Christian worldview or on the basis of a comprehensive and coherent notion of faith-based truth. The result is that busy people, regardless of their faith affiliation, wing it when it comes to moral decisions. Religious institutions could greatly influence people in these areas, but they'd have to substantially alter their existing strategies [emphasis added]." -The Barna Group, ©barna.org  Percentage of Christians for each country
(larger image) |  Christian Worldview
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| State | No Religion | | Alabama | 6% | | | | Alaska | no data | | Arizona | 17% | | | | Arkansas | 13% | | California | 19% | | | | Colorado | 21% | | Connecticut | 12% | | | | Delaware | 17% | | Florida | 12% | | | | Georgia | 12% | | Hawaii | no data | | | | Idaho | 19% | | llinois | 15% | | | | Indiana | 16% | | Iowa | 13% | | | | Kansas | 15% | | Kentucky | 13% | | | | Louisiana | 9% | | Maine | 16% | | | | Maryland | 13% | | Massachusetts | 16% | | | | Michigan | 15% | | Minnesota | 14% | | | | Mississippi | 7% | | Missouri | 15% | | | | Montana | 17% | | Nebraska | 9% | | | | Nevada | 20% | | New Hampshire | 17% | | | | New Jersey | 15% | | New Mexico | 18% | | | | New York | 13% | | North Carolina | 10% | | | | North Dakota | 3% | | Ohio | 15% | | | | Oklahoma | 14% | | Oregon | 21% | | | | Pennsylvania | 12% | | Rhode Island | 15% | | | | South Carolina | 7% | | South Dakota | 8% | | | | Tennessee | 9% | | Texas | 11% | | | | Utah | 17% | | Vermont | 22% | | | | Virginia | 12% | | Washington | 25% | | | | West Virginia | 13% | | Wisconsin | 14% | | | | Wyoming | 20% | | | | data derived from UsaToday | | Solid majorities of white evangelicals (71%) and black Protestants (60%) agree that the United States has special protection from God; pluralities of white mainline Protestants and Catholics believe that the U.S. receives no special divine protection. In a similar vein, more than six-in-ten black Protestants and white evangelicals think it is necessary to believe in God to be a moral person; most white mainline Protestants and Catholics disagree.[1] | Christian Worldview Categories The Arts / Entertainment / Music Bio-Ethics Counseling Creation Science Economics / Business Education Environmentalism Government / Law / Politics History Logic Media: News and the Press Ministries Missions / Evangelism Public Speaking / Communication / Debate If the 4% declining statistic for the United States is, in fact, accurate (or close to accurate) it is interesting to note that the spread of Christianity has had an explosive increase in such countries as Africa and India/Pakistan. | Based on 2005 data | Region | Country | Population(2005E) | % Christian | Christian total | | Central Asia | Christianity in Afghanistan | 29,928,987 | 0.1% | 30,000 | | Balkans | Christianity in Albania | 3,563,112 | 30% | 1,689,934 | | North Africa | Christianity in Algeria | 32,531,853 | 0.4% | 13,012 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Angola | 11,190,786 | 90.5% | 9,456,395 | | Caribbean | Christianity in Anguilla | 13,254 | 84.6% | 11,995 | | South America | Christianity in Argentina | 39,537,943 | 94% | 37,165,720 | | Middle East | Christianity in Armenia | 2,982,904 | 98.7% | 2,944,122 | | Oceania | Christianity in Australia | 20,090,437 | 67.4% | 13,543,693 | | Central Europe | Christianity in Austria | 8,184,691 | 85.2% | 6,973,374 | | Middle East | Christianity in Azerbaijan | 7,911,974 | 6.6% | 519,027 | | Middle East | Christianity in Bahrain | 688,345 | 9% | 61,956 | | South Asia | Christianity in Bangladesh | 144,319,628 | 0.7% | 1,050,000 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Belarus | 10,300,483 | 95% | 9,785,475 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Belgium | 10,364,388 | 89.3% | 9,255,409 | | Central America | Christianity in Belize | 279,457 | 84.2% | 235,254 | | West Africa | Christianity in Benin | 7,460,025 | 30% | 2,238,000 | | South Asia | Christianity in Bhutan | 2,232,291 | 0.3% | 6,696 | | South America | Christianity in Bolivia | 8,857,870 | 95% | 8,415,100 | | Balkans | Christianity in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,025,476 | 46% | 1,851,730 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Botswana | 1,640,115 | 71.6% | 1,174,311 | | South America | Christianity in Brazil | 188,078,227 | 92.9% | 174,863,151 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Brunei | 372,361 | 10% | 37,236 | | Balkans | Christianity in Bulgaria | 7,450,349 | 83.8% | 6,243,435 | | West Africa | Christianity in Burkina Faso | 13,925,313 | 10% | 1,392,531 | | Central Africa | Christianity in Burundi | 6,370,609 | 67% | 4,268,308 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Cambodia | 13,607,069 | 0.5% | 27,215 | | West Africa | Christianity in Cameroon | 16,380,005 | 40% | 6,552,002 | | North America | Christianity in Canada | 32,805,041 | 74% | 24,275,700 | | Central Africa | Christianity in Central African Republic | 3,799,897 | 50% | 1,899,948 | | Central Africa | Christianity in Chad | 9,826,419 | 35% | 3,439,279 | | South America | Christianity in Chile | 15,980,912 | 99% | 15,821,190 | | East Asia | Christianity in China | 1,306,313,812 | 3.5% - 5.7% | 45,700,000 - 74,500,000 | | South America | Christianity in Colombia | 42,954,279 | 98% | 42,095,214 | | East Africa | Christianity in Comoros | 671,247 | 2% | 13,424 | | Central Africa | Christianity in the Republic of the Congo | 3,039,126 | 50% | 1,519,563 | | Central Africa | Christianity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | 60,085,004 | 80% | 48,068,000 | | Central America | Christianity in Costa Rica | 4,016,173 | 92% | 3,694,904 | | West Africa | Christianity in Côte d'Ivoire | 17,298,040 | 30% | 5,190,000 | | Balkans | Christianity in Croatia | 4,495,904 | 92.6% | 4,167,000 | | North America | Christianity in Cuba | 11,346,670 | 45% | 5,106,015 | | Middle East | Christianity in Cyprus | 780,133 | 82% | 639,764 | | Central Europe | Christianity in Czech Republic | 10,241,138 | 28.9% | 2,949,465 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Denmark | 5,411,405 | 84.8% | 4,586,368 | | East Africa | Christianity in Djibouti | 476,703 | 6% | 28,608 | | Caribbean | Christianity in Dominican Republic | 8,950,034 | 98% | 8,771,098 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in East Timor | 1,040,880 | 93% | 968,130 | | South America | Christianity in Ecuador | 13,363,593 | 98% | 13,096,330 | | North Africa | Christianity in Egypt | 77,505,756 | 9% | 6,975,540 | | Central America | Christianity in El Salvador | 6,704,932 | 99.4% | 6,664,770 | | East Africa | Christianity in Eritrea | 4,561,599 | 50% | 2,280,799 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Estonia | 1,332,893 | 27.8% | 370,546 | | East Africa | Christianity in Ethiopia | 73,053,286 | 61.6% | 45,000,824 | | Oceania | Christianity in Fiji | 893,354 | 52% | 464,568 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Finland | 5,223,442 | 86.4% | 4,513,104 | | Western Europe | Christianity in France | 63,587,700 | 87% | 55,321,299 | | West Africa | Christianity in Gabon | 1,389,201 | 75% | 1,041,900 | | West Africa | Christianity in The Gambia | 1,593,256 | 9% | 143,397 | | Middle East | Christianity in Georgia | 4,677,401 | 88.6% | 4,144,176 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Germany | 82,431,390 | 70% | 57,701,980 | | West Africa | Christianity in Ghana | 21,029,853 | 63% | 13,244,490 | | Balkans | Christianity in Greece | 10,668,354 | 98% | 10,028,296 | | Caribbean | Christianity in Grenada | 89,502 | 99% | 88,605 | | Central America | Christianity in Guatemala | 14,655,189 | 85% | 12,456,920 | | West Africa | Christianity in Guinea | 9,467,866 | 8% | 757,432 | | West Africa | Christianity in Guinea-Bissau | 1,416,027 | 5% | 70,800 | | South America | Christianity in Guyana | 765,283 | 50% | 382,640, | | Caribbean | Christianity in Haiti | 8,121,622 | 96% | 7,796,832 | | Central America | Christianity in Honduras | 6,975,204 | 99% | 6,905,448 | | Central Europe | Christianity in Hungary | 10,006,835 | 74.4% | 7,435,126 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Iceland | 296,737 | 93.8% | 278,398 | | South Asia | Christianity in India | 1,028,610,388 | 2.4% | 25,000,000 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Indonesia | 241,973,879 | 12% | 25,000,000 | | Middle East | Christianity in Iran | 68,017,860 | 0.2% | 136,000 | | Middle East | Christianity in Iraq (see also: Iraq Maps) | 26,074,906 | 2.8% | 750,000 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Ireland | 4,015,676 | 93% | 3,734,601 | | Middle East | Christianity in Israel | 6,276,883 | 2.1% | 131,814 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Italy | 58,103,033 | 96% | 55,778,880 | | Caribbean | Christianity in Jamaica | 2,731,832 | 80% | 2,185,520 | | East Asia | Christianity in Japan | 127,417,244 | 0.7% | 1,000,000 | | Middle East | Christianity in Jordan | 5,759,732 | 6% | 345,600 | | Central Asia | Christianity in Kazakhstan | 15,185,844 | 53% | 8,048,580 | | East Africa | Christianity in Kenya | 33,829,590 | 80% | 27,064,000 | | East Asia | Christianity in North Korea | 22,912,177 | 0.05% | 12,000 | | East Asia | Christianity in South Korea | 48,846,823 | 30% | 15,380,246 | | Middle East | Christianity in Kuwait | 2,335,648 | 10.7% | 250,000 | | Central Asia | Christianity in Kyrgyzstan | 5,146,281 | 20% | 1,029,256 | | Southeast Asia | Chrisitanity in Laos | 6,217,141 | 1.5% | 93,256 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Latvia | 2,290,237 | 58.8% | 1,336,405 | | Middle East | Christianity in Lebanon | 3,826,018 | 40% | 1,530,407 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Lesotho | 1,867,035 | 80% | 1,493,600 | | West Africa | Christianity in Liberia | 3,482,211 | 40% | 1,392,884 | | North Africa | Christianity in Libya | 5,765,563 | 3% | 172,968 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Lithuania | 3,596,617 | 85% | 3,057,195 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Luxembourg | 468,571 | 90% | 421,714 | | Balkans | Christianity in FYR Macedonia | 2,045,262 | 32.6% | 666,767 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Madagascar | 18,040,341 | 41% | 7,396,564 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Malawi | 12,158,924 | 80% | 9,727,200 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Malaysia | 23,953,136 | 10% | 2,395,314 | | South Asia | Christianity in Maldives | 349,106 | n/a | n/a | | West Africa | Christianity in Mali | 12,291,529 | 5% | 614,576 | | North Africa | Christianity in Mauritania | 3,086,859 | 0.1 | 3,087 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Mauritius | 1,230,602 | 32.2% | 396,253 | | North America | Christianity in Mexico | 106,202,903 | 95% | 100,892,850 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Moldova | 4,455,421 | 98.2% | 4,375,301 | | Central Asia | Christianity in Mongolia | 2,791,272 | 0.3% | 10,000 | | North Africa | Christianity in Morocco | 32,725,847 | 0.1% | 35,000 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Mozambique | 19,406,703 | 41.3% | 8,014,967 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Myanmar | 42,909,464 | 4% | 1,716,378 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Namibia | 2,030,692 | 90% | 1,827,630 | | South Asia | Christianity in Nepal | 27,676,547 | 1.4% | 400,000 | | Western Europe | Christianity in the Netherlands | 16,407,491 | 51% | 8,367,825 | | Oceania | Christianity in New Zealand | 4,035,461 | 53.5% | 2,158,992 | | Central America | Christianity in Nicaragua | 5,465,100 | 91.5% | 5,000,566 | | West Africa | Christianity in Niger | 11,665,937 | 5% | 583,300 | | West Africa | Christianity in Nigeria | 128,771,988 | 45% | 57,947,400 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Norway | 4,593,041 | 90.1% | 4,138,293 | | Middle East | Christianity in Oman | 3,001,583 | 0.01% | 450 | | South Asia | Christianity in Pakistan | 162,419,946 | 2.5% | 3,500,000 | | Central America | Christianity in Panama | 3,039,150 | 90% | 2,735,280 | | Oceania | Christianity in Papua New Guinea | 5,545,268 | 66% | 3,659,900 | | South America | Christianity in Paraguay | 6,347,884 | 99% | 6,284,421 | | South America | Christianity in Peru | 27,925,628 | 83.1% | 23,206,256 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in The Philippines | 87,857,473 | 92.5% | 81,268,187 | | Central Europe | Christianity in Poland | 38,635,144 | 91.4% | 35,312,572 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Portugal | 10,566,212 | 97% | 10,249,310 | | Middle East | Christianity in Qatar | 863,051 | 8.1% | 70,000 | | Balkans | Christianity in Romania | 22,329,977 | 99% | 22,106,700 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Russia | 143,420,309 | 87.5% | 125,561,282 | | East Africa | Christianity in Rwanda | 8,440,820 | 93.6% | 7,892,335 | | Western Europe | Christianity in San Marino | 28,880 | 100% | 28,880 | | Middle East | Christianity in Saudi Arabia | 26,417,599 | 3.7% | 1,000,000 | | West Africa | Christianity in Senegal | 11,126,832 | 6% | 667,620 | | Balkans | Christianity in Serbia and Montenegro | 10,829,175 | 70% | 7,576,100 | | East Africa | Christianity in Seychelles | 81,188 | 93.2% | 75,680 | | West Africa | Christianity in Sierra Leone | 6,017,643 | 10% | 601,765 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Singapore | 4,425,720 | 14.6% | 646,167 | | Central Europe | Christianity in Slovakia | 5,431,363 | 83.8% | 4,551,513 | | Central Europe | Christianity in Slovenia | 2,011,070 | 61% | 1,226,770 | | East Africa | Christianity in Somalia | 8,591,629 | n/a | n/a | | Southern Africa | Christianity in South Africa | 44,344,136 | 79.7% | 35,342,330 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Spain | 40,341,462 | 95% | 38,727,840 | | South Asia | Christianity in Sri Lanka | 20,064,776 | 6.2% | 1,244,017 | | North Africa | Christianity in Sudan | 40,187,486 | 5% | 2,009,375 | | South America | Christianity in Suriname | 438,144 | 50% | 219,072 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Swaziland | 1,173,900 | 86% | 1,009,555 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Sweden | 9,001,774 | 78% | 7,021,384 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Switzerland | 7,489,370 | 79.3% | 5,939,095 | | Middle East | Christianity in Syria | 18,448,752 | 10% | 1,844,876 | | East Asia | Christianity in Taiwan | 22,894,384 | 4.5% | 1,030,250 | | Central Asia | Christianity in Tajikistan | 7,163,506 | 5% | 358,175 | | East Africa | Christianity in Tanzania | 36,766,356 | 30% | 11,029,950 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Thailand | 65,444,371 | 0.5% | 308,110 | | West Africa | Christianity in Togo | 5,681,519 | 29% | 1,647,665 | | Central America | Christianity in Trinidad and Tobago | 1,088,644 | 57.6% | 627,090 | | North Africa | Christianity in Tunisia | 10,074,951 | 0.5% | 50,000 | | Middle East | Christianity in Turkey | 69,660,559 | 0.2% | 139,320 | | Central Asia | Christianity in Turkmenistan | 4,952,081 | 10% | 500,000 | | East Africa | Christianity in Uganda | 27,269,482 | 66% | 17,997,870 | | Eastern Europe | Christianity in Ukraine | 47,425,336 | 68% | 32,249,340 | | Middle East | Christianity in the United Arab Emirates | 2,563,212 | 3% | 76,900 | | Western Europe | Christianity in the United Kingdom | 60,441,457 | 71.6% | 43,276,114 | | North America | Christianity in the United States | 295,734,134 | 80% | 236,557,785 | | Caribbean | Christianity in Puerto Rico (U.S.) | 3,916,632 | 93% | 3,642,530 | | South America | Christianity in Uruguay | 3,415,920 | 68% | 2,322,880 | | Central Asia | Christianity in Uzbekistan | 26,851,195 | 11% | 2,953,632 | | Western Europe | Christianity in Vatican City | 921 | 100% | 921 | | South America | Christianity in Venezuela | 25,375,281 | 98% | 24,867,794 | | Southeast Asia | Christianity in Vietnam | 83,535,576 | 7.2% | 6,014,563 | | Middle East | Christianity in West Bank and Gaza | 3,761,904 | 5% | 188,100 | | North Africa | Christianity in Western Sahara | 273,008 | 0.2% | 546 | | Middle East | Christianity in Yemen | 20,727,063 | 0.5% | 103,635 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Zambia | 11,261,795 | 75% | 8,446,350 | | Southern Africa | Christianity in Zimbabwe | 12,746,990 | 75% | 9,560,250 | | Total | 6,525,170,264 | 33.03% | 2,150,000,000 | Background There are varieties of Christian worldviews and even disputes of the meaning of the concept of a Christian worldview. This worldview definition and concept has changed with the canons: for example, the concept of a "three-story" universe is in several versions of the Bible - the heavens above, the earth beneath, and the underworld - what Northrop Frye indicated as the central clusters of the system of metaphors in the Bible - mountain, garden, and cave. Later Bibles include the notion of Hell to accommodate the emergence of this concept in Christian belief. In other respects than the "three-story" universe, there are great differences among the biblical worldviews, including pre-Christian changes in the . The Sadducean community to which most Temple priests belonged in the time of Jesus accepted only the first five books of the Torah as canon. The various schools of Pharisees accepted different sets of books. The Evangelical Worldview is built upon the outline: Creation  Fall Redemption Consummation 4 A March 10, 2009 editorial in the Christian Science Monitor by Michael Spencer (who writes the blog InternetMonk.com) foresaw a major collapse of evangelical Christianity within the next 10 years and the rise of an anti-Christian chapter in Western history. Spencer also ventured that new forms of Christian ministry will emerge less focused on politics and power and more focused on happenings within the church.[5] Worldviews Are A Universal of Human Existence Worldviews embrace the world as it exists in one's time, but only in relation to how the world is pictured by this or that person, this or that community or institution, tainted by possible agenda. A religious worldview can not only describe the beliefs and agenda of a group, but the style and tone of that worldview can reflect a general emotional state of those who speak for that group. For example, Christian worldviews reflected in British 19th Century Imperialist doctrine can strike the contemporary reader as patronizing and magnanimous in tone, reflecting both the need to reinforce the higher moral purpose of British hegemony but the largesse that the British Empire received from implementing this worldview. Language Factors in Worldviews: the Case of Palestine in Jesus' Day Another worldview factor has to do with language. It is the Greek Septuagint that is quoted by Paul in his Letters in the New Testament, not the Torah in any of its differing canonizations. Aramaic (see also: Aramaic of Jesus) by this time was spoken mostly among the poor of Palestine. The Greek-speaking synogogues of Jerusalem and other large cities were well attended by Christians like Stephen the Martyr, Jews native to Jerusalem and other parts of Palestine and pilgrims and converts who spoke mostly Greek. U.S. Protestant Conservative "Worldview" vs. "Doctrine" The U.S. use of the term "worldview" in Christian rhetoric can be traced to the evangelical Reformed philosopher H. Evan Runner of Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Runner used the term in his evangelical Reformed community in North America, promoting the worldview concept from a philosophical concept to a synonym for "doctrine." Key People and Literary Works Original Worldview Thinkers in Protestant Evangelicalism Notes - « .Americans Struggle with Religion's Role at Home and Abroad Conducted in association with the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life Retrieved 09/09/2009
- « .Barna Poll on U.S. Religious Belief - 2001 Retrieved 09/09/2009
- « .Blue Letter Bible. "Acts of the Apostles 26 - (ESV - English Standard Version)." Blue Letter Bible. 1996-2009. 10 Sep 2009.
- « .Grand Rapids Theological Seminary Retrieved 09/09/2009
- « .An End to Religion, Newspapers and the American Way of Life pewresearch.org Retrieved 09/09/2009
References - The Business Of Heaven:Daily Readings From C. S. Lewis ed. Walter Hooper, 1984, Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc.
- Christian Reflections (1967; essays and papers)(All essays found in Essay Collection (2000)
- All My Road Before Me: The Diary of C. S. Lewis 1922 – 27 (1993)
- Habermas, Gary, The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ (College Press: Joplin, MI 1996).
- Habermas, Gary, Licona, Gary The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus (Kregel, 1994)
- Kitchen, Kenneth, On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids and Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-4960-1, 2003
- Stoner, Peter Science Speaks (Chapter 2: Prophetic Accuracy and Chapter 3: The Christ of Prophecy), Chicago, Moody Press, 1963
- Kreeft, Peter and Ronald Tacelli. 1994. "Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Hundreds of Answers to Crucial Questions". InterVarsity Press
- Ramm, Bernard. 1962. Varieties of Christian Apologetics: An Introduction to the Christian Philosophy of Religion. Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
- Sproul, R. C. Not a Chance: The Myth of Chance in Modern Science and Cosmology, Baker Book House: 1994
- Archer, Gleason, 2001. New Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties. ISBN 0-310-24146-4
- Bruce, F. F.,The Canon of Scripture, InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL, 1988
- Geisler, Norman and Howe, Thomas When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties Baker Books, Grand Rapids Michigan, 1992
- Geisler, Norman, ed. (1980). Inerrancy. ISBN 0-310-39281-0.
- Kaiser, Walter C., Davids, Petr H., Bruce, F. F., Brauch, Manfred, Hard Sayings of the Bible, Intervarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL 1996
- Sproul, R. C., The Holiness of God, Tyndale, Carol Stream, IL 1996
- Gish, Duanne. Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, El Cajon: ICR, 1995
- Johnson, Phillip E. Darwin on Trial. InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois. 1991
- Sproul, R. C. Not a Chance: The Myth of Chance in Modern Science and Cosmology, Baker Book House: 1994
- Wysong, R. L. The Creation-Evolution Controversy.
- Lewis, C. S. 1955. Mere Christianity. Fontana, Glasgow.
- McGrath, Alister. 1992. Bridge-Building: Effective Christian Apologetics. InterVarsity Press, Leicester, UK.
- Schaeffer, Francis A. 1982. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer. 5 Volumes. Crossway Books, Westchester, Illinois.
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